Evolutionary Medicine (2nd edn)
Stephen C. Stearns andRuslan Medzhitov
Published:
2024
Online ISBN:
9780191968112
Print ISBN:
9780192871978
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Evolutionary Medicine (2nd edn)
Stephen C. Stearns andRuslan Medzhitov
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Stephen C. Stearns,
Ruslan Medzhitov
Pages
277–308
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Published:
July 2024
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Stearns, Stephen C., and Ruslan Medzhitov, 'Reproductive medicine', Evolutionary Medicine, 2nd edn (
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Abstract
This chapter discusses the innovations involved in the evolution of placental female reproduction, placental morphology, the evolution of implantation, the association between degree of invasiveness and risk of metastasis, and the contribution of placental morphology to the risk of pre-eclampsia. It covers parent–offspring conflict, genomic imprinting, and their consequences for the health of mother and infant. The female placental reproductive tract has evolved a set of quality control mechanisms that include oocytic atresia, sperm selection, and selective spontaneous abortion. They reduce the costs of time and effort invested in defective offspring. The hypotheses for the evolution of menstruation are discussed; a leading candidate is quality control. Hypotheses for the evolution of menopause include the Grandmother Hypothesis and the possibility that it is a byproduct of efficient quality control earlier in life.
Keywords: reproduction, placenta, endometrium, implantation, parent–offspring conflict, genomic imprinting, quality control, menstruation, menopause
Subject
Disease Ecology and Epidemiology Genetics and Genomics
Collection: Oxford Scholarship Online
Evolutionary Medicine. Second Edition. Stephen C. Stearns and Ruslan Medzhitov, Oxford University Press. © Stephen C. Stearns and Ruslan Medzhitov (2024). DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192871978.003.0013
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